Iowa · Psychology Rankings · 2027

Best Psychology Programs in Iowa for 2027

Four Iowa community colleges have ranked psychology programs: Eastern Iowa Community College District costs least at $4,848, and Western Iowa Tech Community College reaches 50% schoolwide completion, the best among them. Two universities lead the bachelor’s list less than a point apart, Iowa State University and the University of Northern Iowa, and only Iowa State adds a ranked doctoral program.

Posted October 27, 2026Updated October 27, 20269 Schools Ranked
Beardshear Hall, the columned administration building at Iowa State University in Ames, at sunset
Photo: Lee chinyama / Pexels

Psychology Bachelor’s Degree Programs in Iowa

5 schools in Iowa awarded psychology bachelor’s degrees in 2023–24, scored against 1,212 bachelor’s programs nationwide. This section shows the top 5 of 23 eligible programs at this level.

  1. 1

    Iowa State University

    Psychology BA and BS

    Ames Public

    76.9 Comparison Score

    Students at Iowa State University choose four of six breadth areas, from developmental and social psychology to biological, cognitive, mental and physical health, and applied psychology, then add five more psychology electives. The core includes Research Design and Methodology, Psychological Measurement I, a statistics course and a career course. The BS adds a second research methods course. The BA asks for an approved minor, certificate or second major, and its students may take an advanced English composition course instead. A fully online BA is open to students who arrive with at least 30 transferable credits, and optional career tracks map courses to paths such as clinical, forensic, health, school or industrial-organizational psychology.

    Required Courses
    17 to 18 credits, including Research Design and Methodology and Psychological Measurement I.
    Breadth
    One course from each of four of six areas, 12 credits.
    Electives
    Five more 3-credit psychology courses.
    BS Versus BA
    BS students take Research Methods in Psychology; BA students complete a minor, certificate or second major.
    Online BA
    Distance BA with at least 30 transferable credits to declare.

    Program Sources: Psychology | Iowa State University Catalog

    Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded
    204
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Six-Year Graduation Rate
    75%
    5,904 first-time, full-time students
    Median Graduate Earnings
    $49,286
    Psychology bachelor’s graduates, College Scorecard
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $10,787
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $28,881
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  2. 2

    University of Northern Iowa

    Psychology BA

    Cedar Falls Public

    76.0 Comparison Score

    Any psychology course can count as an elective in the University of Northern Iowa's 38-hour Psychology BA, and 18 hours of electives leave plenty of room to follow your interests. The required courses are Introduction to Psychology, Professional Preparation in Psychology, Social Sciences Statistics and Research Methods, which carries four credits. Three of four core areas finish the base: Biopsychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology and Cognitive Psychology. Departmental honors needs a 3.00 overall GPA, a 3.50 psychology GPA and a research project the department approves. Related options include a Mental Health Minor and certificates in Behavioral Health, Military Psychology, School Psychology, Student Affairs and Work Psychology.

    Major Hours
    38 hours, with electives making up 18.
    Research Courses
    Social Sciences Statistics, three credits, and Research Methods, four credits.
    Core Content
    Three of Biopsychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology and Cognitive Psychology.
    Departmental Honors
    3.00 overall GPA, 3.50 psychology GPA and an approved research project.
    Related Programs
    Mental Health Minor and five certificates.

    Program Sources: Psychology B.A. | University of Northern Iowa University Catalog

    Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded
    92
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Six-Year Graduation Rate
    68%
    1,649 first-time, full-time students
    Median Graduate Earnings
    $53,829
    Psychology bachelor’s graduates, College Scorecard
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $9,936
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $21,712
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  3. 3

    Central College

    Psychology Major

    Pella Private nonprofit

    56.3 Comparison Score

    Research is built into every year of the 36-credit psychology major at Central College, and all psychology students conduct a study alone or in a group. General Psychology comes first, followed by Psychological Investigations, Fundamentals of Statistics and Experimental Psychology, with Advanced Research in Psychology in the junior year. Twenty-one credits of electives complete the major, including at least six at the 300 level or above and three more at the 400 level. Internships earn credit and can be arranged at more than 500 sites. The flexible requirements leave room for a minor or a second major, and off-campus options include study abroad and the Chicago Metropolitan Program.

    Major Credits
    36 credits, including 21 of psychology electives.
    Research Core
    Psychological Investigations, Fundamentals of Statistics and Experimental Psychology, four credits each.
    Upper-Level Electives
    At least six credits at the 300 level or above and three more at the 400 level.
    Internships
    More than 500 sites, available during the semester or over the summer.
    Double Majors
    Students have paired psychology with biology, sociology, art, Spanish and other majors.

    Program Sources: Psychology | Central College Course CatalogPsychology | Academics | Central College

    Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded
    17
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Six-Year Graduation Rate
    66%
    278 first-time, full-time students
    Median Graduate Earnings
    $56,941
    Psychology bachelor’s graduates, College Scorecard
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $20,988
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $20,988
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  4. 4

    Saint Ambrose University

    Psychology BS

    Davenport Private nonprofit

    54.4 Comparison Score

    Capstone choices at Saint Ambrose University range from a two-course Advanced Experimental Design and Analysis sequence to a Supervised Psychology Practicum or Professional Development and Integration in Psychology. The Psychology BS runs 37 credits and first requires Introduction to Psychology, Introductory Statistics, Research Methods, Writing in Psychology and Brain and Behavior. Then you pick a course from each of four menus, such as Life-Span Developmental Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Psychology and Law. Six more credits at the 300 level or above can't come from community college courses.

    Credits
    37 credits.
    Core Courses
    Introduction to Psychology, Introductory Statistics, Research Methods, Writing in Psychology and Brain and Behavior.
    Grade Rules
    C or better in Introduction to Psychology, Research Methods, Writing in Psychology and Brain and Behavior.
    Capstone
    Advanced Experimental Design and Analysis I and II, Supervised Psychology Practicum, or Professional Development and Integration in Psychology.
    Upper-Level Credits
    Six more credits at the 300 level or above, not from a community college.

    Program Sources: Psychology (BS) | St. Ambrose University Academic Catalog

    Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded
    33
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Six-Year Graduation Rate
    61%
    503 first-time, full-time students
    Median Graduate Earnings
    $56,803
    Psychology bachelor’s graduates, College Scorecard
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $36,658
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $36,658
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  5. 5

    Drake University

    Psychology BA and BS

    Des Moines Private nonprofit

    52.6 Comparison Score

    The BA at Drake University takes 37 hours inside the psychology department, while the BS takes 40 hours there and 12 more in the natural sciences. Both begin with a four-credit Introduction to Psychology that includes a lab, then Introductory Statistics, followed by Research Methods, and you need a C or better in the last two to move into some upper-division courses. Next come three groups, with a single course required from each: biology, behavior and cognition; development, identity and society; and health, wellness and treatment. A four-credit lab course, three upper-division electives and a capstone finish the major. The capstone can be Multicultural Psychology, Applied Professional Ethics, History and Systems, an independent study or an internship.

    BA Hours
    37 hours within the department.
    BS Hours
    40 hours within the department plus 12 hours of natural science.
    Research Core
    Introduction to Psychology with lab, Introductory Statistics and Research Methods, four credits each.
    Lab Options
    Advanced Statistics, Conditioning and Learning, Cognitive Psychology, Comparative Psychology, Experimental Social Psychology, Psychological Assessment or Applied Behavior Analysis.
    Capstone
    Multicultural Psychology, Applied Professional Ethics, History and Systems, independent study or internship.

    Program Sources: Psychology Bachelor of Arts | Drake University Academic CatalogPsychology Bachelor of Science | Drake University Academic Catalog

    Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded
    35
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Six-Year Graduation Rate
    73%
    681 first-time, full-time students
    Median Graduate Earnings
    $47,706
    Psychology bachelor’s graduates, College Scorecard
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $51,960
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $51,960
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25

Psychology PhD Programs in Iowa

1 school in Iowa awarded research doctorates in psychology in 2023–24. Doctoral scores leave out tuition because funding offers, not sticker price, decide the real cost. This section shows the top 1 of 1 eligible programs at this level.

  1. 1

    Iowa State University

    Psychology PhD

    Ames Public

    82.7 Comparison Score

    Cognitive psychology, counseling psychology, and social psychology and personality are the three training areas of the Iowa State University psychology PhD, and all three share one December 1 application deadline. Students working toward the doctorate can earn a Master of Science along the way. Counseling psychology is APA accredited and requires a 12-month internship at an approved site. The program is full time, and a 20-hour-a-week teaching or research assistantship carries a tuition scholarship. Assistantships are assigned to all psychology graduate students without a separate application. The GRE is not required. About two-thirds of new students enter with a bachelor's degree, and one-third arrive with a master's.

    Training Areas
    Cognitive Psychology, Counseling Psychology, and Social Psychology and Personality.
    Concentrations
    Health Psychology and Psychology-Law.
    Counseling Internship
    12 months at an approved site, required of all counseling doctoral students.
    Funding
    Assistantships assigned to all psychology graduate students, with a tuition scholarship for a 20-hour weekly appointment.
    Application Deadline
    December 1 for all three areas; GRE not required.

    Program Sources: Psychology | Iowa State University CatalogGraduate Admissions - Department of Psychology

    Doctoral Degrees Awarded
    11
    Psychology, 2023–24
    Research Designation
    R1
    Institution, Carnegie 2025
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $12,967
    Graduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $30,577
    Graduate, schoolwide, 2024–25

Psychology Associate Degrees in Iowa

4 colleges in Iowa awarded psychology associate degrees in 2023–24. Ask how the courses transfer before you plan a bachelor’s degree. This section shows the top 4 of 16 eligible programs at this level.

  1. 1

    Des Moines Area Community College

    Psychology Transfer Major AA

    Ankeny Public

    64.5 Comparison Score

    Start dates are flexible for the Psychology Transfer Major AA at Des Moines Area Community College, which begins in any semester on the Ankeny, Boone, Carroll, Urban/Des Moines or West Des Moines campuses or online. Over 64 credits you take Introduction to Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Social Psychology with Statistics and Introduction to Philosophy, then fill the rest with AA core courses, a biology course and electives. The plan is aimed at students moving on to Iowa State, Northern Iowa, Iowa, Clarke, St. Ambrose or Upper Iowa, and requirements can differ at other schools. A three-credit diversity requirement with a C or better can double as a core course, so it adds no credits.

    Credits
    64 credits, with no more than 16 vocational credits counted.
    Psychology Courses
    Introduction to Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Social Psychology.
    Also Required
    Statistics, Introduction to Philosophy, two composition courses and a biology course.
    Transfer Partners
    Iowa State, Northern Iowa, Iowa, Clarke, St. Ambrose and Upper Iowa.
    Start Terms
    Any semester.

    Program Sources: Program: Psychology: Transfer Major AA - Des Moines Area Community College

    Associate Degrees Awarded
    53
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Graduation Rate
    39%
    1,695 first-time, full-time students
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $5,790
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $6,690
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  2. 2

    Eastern Iowa Community College District

    Psychology Transfer Major AA

    Davenport Public

    56.3 Comparison Score

    General, social and developmental psychology are the core of the Psychology Transfer Major AA at Eastern Iowa Community College District, along with the social sciences and the liberal arts. The psychology courses are Introduction to Psychology, Social Psychology and Developmental Psychology, taken with Statistics, General Biology and Introduction to Philosophy before general education in communication, arts and humanities, cultural perspectives and a physical science. Chemistry or physics is the recommended physical science, and chemistry is the better pick if you're headed to the University of Iowa. Iowa State transfers should take both philosophy courses and a different biology course. The 62 credits are offered at Clinton, Muscatine and Scott Community Colleges and online, and Iowa State, the University of Iowa, Northern Iowa and five more colleges are named as transfer destinations.

    Credits
    62 credits.
    Psychology Courses
    Introduction to Psychology, Social Psychology and Developmental Psychology.
    Science and Math
    Statistics, General Biology IA and a four-credit physical science.
    Iowa State Transfer
    Take both PHI 101 and PHI 105, and BIO 105 or BIO 163 for biology.
    Campuses
    Clinton, Muscatine and Scott Community Colleges, and online.

    Program Sources: Program: Psychology Transfer Major, AA - Eastern Iowa Community Colleges

    Associate Degrees Awarded
    17
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Graduation Rate
    45%
    643 first-time, full-time students
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $4,848
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $6,456
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  3. 3

    Iowa Western Community College

    Psychology Transfer Major AA

    Council Bluffs Public

    56.2 Comparison Score

    Many of the psychology courses found at four-year schools are taught at Iowa Western Community College, so you meet the concepts and vocabulary before you transfer. The Psychology Transfer Major, A.A. runs four semesters and 62 credits, covering Introduction to Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Personality and Adjustment, Educational Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Issues in Psychology and Social Psychology, alongside Statistics and Introduction to Sociology. You can take it full time, part time, in the evening or online, at the Council Bluffs campus or the Clarinda, Cass County, Page/Fremont County and Shelby County centers.

    Credits
    62 semester hours over four semesters.
    Psychology Courses
    Seven, from Introduction to Psychology to Issues in Psychology.
    Statistics
    Statistics 1, four credits.
    Formats
    Full time, part time, evening and online.
    Locations
    Council Bluffs plus four area centers.

    Program Sources: Psychology Transfer Major, A.A. - Iowa Western Community College

    Associate Degrees Awarded
    28
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Graduation Rate
    40%
    818 first-time, full-time students
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $6,930
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $7,080
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
  4. 4

    Western Iowa Tech Community College

    Psychology Transfer Major AA

    Sioux City Public

    53.4 Comparison Score

    Developmental, Abnormal, Social and Child Psychology are the courses that go beyond the introduction at Western Iowa Tech Community College. They are part of the 64 credits in the Psychology Transfer Major, AA, along with Statistics, Introduction to Sociology, Diversity, Introduction to Ethics and a biology course. Sioux City and online students finish with about 16 credits of electives chosen with an advisor to fit the transfer school. Iowa, Iowa State and Northern Iowa accept the transfer major, and the college has articulation agreements with the University of South Dakota and Briar Cliff University.

    Credits
    64 credits.
    Psychology Courses
    Introduction, Developmental, Abnormal, Social and Child Psychology.
    Electives
    16 credits chosen with an advisor.
    Transfer Agreements
    University of South Dakota and Briar Cliff University.
    Locations
    Sioux City and online.

    Program Sources: Program: Psychology - Transfer Major, AA - Western Iowa Tech Community CollegePsychology | AA - Western Iowa Tech Community College

    Associate Degrees Awarded
    7
    Psychology, 2023–24
    School Graduation Rate
    50%
    557 first-time, full-time students
    In-State Tuition + Fees
    $5,186
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25
    Out-of-State Tuition + Fees
    $5,330
    Undergraduate, schoolwide, 2024–25

Psychology Programs in Iowa at a Glance

Ranked Schools
9
6 public, 3 private
Bachelor’s Programs
5
381 degrees in 2023–24
Doctoral Programs
1
11 degrees in 2023–24
Associate Programs
4
105 degrees in 2023–24
Lowest In-State Tuition
$9,936
Bachelor’s list, schoolwide, 2024–25

How We Rank Psychology Programs in Iowa

Each program gets the same comparison score it earns in our national psychology model, calculated against the nationwide group that meets the numeric and directory criteria. We then order Iowa’s eligible programs by that score within each degree level. We feature up to 10 programs, taking the next highest-ranked program from each degree-level list in turn. Scores are compared only within the same degree level. Bachelor’s lists weigh graduation rate (20%), published tuition (20%), graduate earnings (20%), program reputation (25%), and degrees awarded (15%). Doctoral lists weigh research activity (35%), program reputation (35%), and doctoral degrees awarded (30%). Associate lists weigh graduation rate (30%), published tuition (25%), program reputation (25%), and degrees awarded (20%). Read how state lists are built.

Best Psychology Schools in Iowa by Goal

These picks compare only the programs featured in the lists above.

Lowest In-State Tuition for a Bachelor’s

University of Northern Iowa

$9,936 in annual undergraduate tuition and required fees for state residents (2024–25), the lowest among the 5 bachelor’s programs shown here.

Most Psychology Bachelor’s Graduates

Iowa State University

204 psychology bachelor’s degrees awarded in 2023–24, the most of any school on this list.

Top-Scoring Private College

Central College

The highest-scoring private school on the bachelor’s list (No. 3 overall), with a comparison score of 56.3.

Graduate Study at an R1 University

Iowa State University

Carries the Carnegie 2025 Research 1 designation for very high research spending and doctorate production.

Top-Scoring Psychology Doctorate

Iowa State University

11 research doctorates awarded in 2023–24; ranked first of 1 doctoral program shown here.

Statewide Context: Psychology in Iowa: Ames Leads the Bachelor’s List

This statewide overview includes all 40 eligible programs at 37 schools. Its totals, tuition comparisons, and ranks describe that wider group; the lists above feature 10 programs.

Iowa’s psychology list spans three degree levels, from 16 associate programs (14 of them at public schools) to a single research doctorate at Iowa State University in Ames. Iowa State also ranks first for the bachelor’s and awarded 204 psychology bachelor’s degrees in 2023–24, the most in the state. The University of Northern Iowa ranks second and has the lowest in-state bachelor’s tuition and fees, $9,936 for 2024–25.

The bachelor’s list has 23 programs, and only two are public. Iowa State and Northern Iowa hold the top two spots and awarded 296 of the 759 psychology bachelor’s degrees in 2023–24. Central College in Pella ranks third and is the top private school, with schoolwide 2024–25 tuition and fees of $20,988, less than half of Drake University’s $51,960. Upper Iowa University in Fayette awarded 72 psychology bachelor’s degrees, but its schoolwide graduation rate is 33%, the lowest among the top 12 eligible bachelor’s programs. Graduation rates here describe the whole school, not psychology majors.

For a lower-cost start, Eastern Iowa Community College District lists $4,848 in annual in-state tuition and fees; confirm how credits transfer before enrolling.

Psychology Licensure in Iowa

The Iowa Board of Behavioral Health Professionals licenses psychologists in Iowa. A bachelor’s or master’s degree in psychology does not by itself qualify you to practice as a psychologist.

Psychologist (Permanent License)

Degree
Doctoral degree in psychology from a program that, at graduation, was accredited by the APA or CPA or designated by ASPPB/National Register. Also accepted: current ABPP board certification, or a postdoctoral respecialization certificate from an APA-accredited program.
Exam
Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP), with the EPPP passing score used as the Iowa passing score
Supervised Experience
Iowa Code 154B.6 requires at least one year of supervised professional experience under a licensed psychologist. Rule 481 IAC 880.8 defines this as a postdoctoral residency of at least 1,500 hours completed in no less than ten months, with at least 45 hours of individual supervision (group hours do not count). The residency begins after all doctoral requirements, including the predoctoral internship, are complete.
Practice
Independent. The separate Certified Health Service Provider in Psychology certification is the credential that Iowa Code 154B.7 treats as qualified to diagnose and treat mental illnesses and nervous disorders. It requires additional clinical experience or National Register credentialing.

Source: Iowa Code 2026, Chapter 154B Psychology, section 154B.6 Requirements for licensure

The Iowa psychology board does not issue a separate master’s-level psychology credential. Master’s graduates who want to provide therapy usually pursue a counseling or marriage and family therapy license from a different board.

Iowa’s psychology board issues no master’s-level credential. Its credentials are the psychologist license, a provisional license in psychology for doctoral interns and postdoctoral residents (valid two years, renewable once), the Certified Health Service Provider in Psychology certification, and conditional or full prescription certificates for prescribing psychologists. Iowa enacted PSYPACT in 2026 (HF 2676, signed May 20, 2026, new Iowa Code 147M.1, effective July 1, 2026 under Iowa Code 3.7), and DIAL (https://dial.iowa.gov/licenses/medical/mental-health/psychology) says 'Iowa and the PSYPACT are completing steps for Iowa to become an active member state.'

Requirements summarized from the board’s official pages. Confirm the current rules with the board before you choose a graduate program.

Psychologist Salaries in Iowa

These are BLS median annual wages for Iowa and the United States from the May 2025 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey. A median is the midpoint among workers in the occupation, from new hires to senior staff, so it is not a starting salary for a new graduate. The 10th–90th percentile range shows what the middle 80% of workers earn in the state.

Annual wages in Iowa compared with the United States
OccupationIowa MedianIowa 10th–90th PercentileU.S. MedianIowa Jobs
Psychologist Wages in Iowa BLS: Clinical and Counseling Psychologists$91,690$64,200–$168,660$100,580440
Psychologist Salary in Iowa BLS: School Psychologists$74,410$45,130–$99,720$95,990400
Psychologist Wages in Iowa BLS: Psychologists, All Other$138,420$46,760–$159,410$110,84060

Source: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025. Wage data does not enter the program scores.

Psychology Programs in Iowa: Common Questions

How Many Schools in Iowa Appear in These Psychology Rankings?

9 schools in Iowa appear in the lists shown here (5 bachelor’s, 1 research doctorate, 4 associate programs). A school can appear at more than one degree level. The page features 10 programs selected from 40 eligible programs at 37 schools. The degree counts come from federal IPEDS completions for 2023–24.

Which Psychology Bachelor’s Program in Iowa Has the Lowest Tuition?

University of Northern Iowa lists $9,936 in annual undergraduate tuition and required fees for state residents in 2024–25, the lowest among the bachelor’s programs shown here. That is a schoolwide figure before aid, so check the program’s own costs and any fees for fieldwork or labs.

Which Schools in Iowa Reported Psychology Research Doctorates in 2023–24?

The federal IPEDS completions file records psychology research doctorates awarded in 2023–24 at Iowa State University (11 degrees). These are historical award counts. Check current admissions, advisor availability, and funding directly with each department.

Which Iowa School Offers a Psychology Doctorate?

This statewide comparison covers all 40 eligible programs, including those outside the featured lists. Iowa State University in Ames is the only Iowa school on the research doctorate list. It awarded 11 psychology research doctorates in 2023–24 and carries the Carnegie Research 1 designation.

How Do Iowa Psychologist Wages Compare to the National Median?

This statewide comparison covers all 40 eligible programs, including those outside the featured lists. In May 2025 data, Iowa’s median for clinical and counseling psychologists was $91,690, below the U.S. median of $100,580. School psychologists earned a median of $74,410 in Iowa against $95,990 nationally. The small "psychologists, all other" group, about 60 workers, was the exception at $138,420, above the $110,840 national figure. These are occupation medians, not starting pay, and a bachelor’s degree is not a license to practice.

Sources

  1. IPEDS C2024_A completions: first-major degrees awarded by field and level, 2023–24.
  2. IPEDS COST1_2024: tuition and required fees, 2024–25.
  3. IPEDS DRVGR2024: schoolwide graduation rates.
  4. Carnegie 2025 Research Activity Designations.
  5. BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025 state estimates.
  6. Iowa Board of Behavioral Health Professionals.
  7. SocialSciences.org ranking methodology.
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